What is the most common mode of transmission of lead exposure in children?

The most common mode of transmission of lead exposure in children is through exposure to contaminated household dust. This occurs primarily in homes that were built before 1978 when the use of lead-based paint was banned in residential properties. Over time, lead paint deteriorates and can create dust particles that settle on surfaces within the home.

Children, especially those under the age of six, are more likely to come into contact with this dust as they often play on the floor, put their hands in their mouths, and engage in activities that disturb dust. As a result, they can ingest lead-contaminated dust along with any food they might have on their hands or from surfaces where the dust has settled.

While other sources of lead exposure, such as eating contaminated food, breathing in contaminated air, and drinking contaminated water, do exist, they are less prevalent in comparison to exposure from household dust. House dust often contains lead from old paint, and it can pose a significant risk, particularly in urban areas with older homes. This understanding is critical for implementing effective lead risk reduction strategies in homes, particularly for families with young children.